Proper orthogonal decomposition analysis of variable temperature field during gas tungsten arc welding

Fluid flow motion controls energy transfer in the weld pool and drives solidification process. Experimental investigation of fluid during welding is made particularly difficult by unsteady movements molten pool. In this paper, proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) based on images gas tungsten arc (GTAW) thin plates used to investigate coherent structures revealed thermal field The POD method fluctuating gray levels related surface temperature. Based decomposition, two dimensional spatial modes temporal coefficients are calculated allowing identification regions where temperatures correlated. To explore potential method, beads were performed a 316L stainless steel plate at three speeds (2.3, 3.3, 4.3 mm s−1) constant current (80 A). These conditions lead different sizes fully penetrated pools temperature distributions. Spatial provide information fluctuations along free surface. first modes, reconstructed understand heat transfer. Combining these results with side-view observations allows us derive patterns within